Appendix g summaries what type of codes

The amount of damage to a barrier system is a key piece of the accident record and also valuable to the maintenance effort to repair that guide rail. The safety schema should include these and other data about the physical condition of the roadside and the evidence of the crash dynamics.

The model cannot represent situations in which the roadway under analysis is the minor road at an inter- section. This could be acceptable if an assumption is added to the model that an intersection is counted as a sub-element for a roadway only if the roadway is the major road. Also the relative placement of the auxiliary lane with respect to the thru lanes cannot be modeled.

Additional Comments from Reviewer 3 The developed Safety Schema do not cover crash dynamics or roadside geometry concerns in any place close to the level of detail that I was hoping for. My major motivation far par- ticipating was to ensure that the developed schema adequately addressed sideslopes, backslopes, guide rail types, terminal and attenuator types, etc. That did not happen. The page number references shown below refer to the numbering scheme used within that section of the appendix, not to the page numbers of the appendix itself.

Not sure if this is important. Only one shoulder section can be modeled per side. The framework is designed to be used for developing, validating, disseminating, and extending current and future schemas. The report also explores the benefits that might be achieved by the adoption and expansion of TransXML, and highlights efforts designed to help ensure its success.

A link to the download site for the appendices and to instructions on burning an. Help on Burning an. On-site renewable energy generated by systems included on the building permit that is used by the building shall be subtracted from the proposed design energy consumption prior to calculating the proposed building performance. The design energy cost and baseline energy cost shall be determined using either actual rates for purchased energy or state average energy prices published by DOE's Energy Information Administration EIA for commercial building customers, but rates from different sources may not be mixed in the same project.

Where on-site renewable energy or site-recovered energy is used, the baseline building design shall be based on the energy source used as the backup energy source, or the baseline system energy source in that category if no backup energy source has been specified. When the simulation program does not model a design, material, or device of the proposed design , an exceptional calculation method shall be used as approved by the rating authority. Where there are multiple designs, materials, or devices that the simulation program does not model, each shall be calculated separately and exceptional savings determined for each.

At no time shall the total exceptional savings constitute more than half of the difference between the baseline building performance and the proposed building performance.

All applications for approval of an exceptional method shall include the following:. The simulation model for calculating the proposed and baseline building performance shall be developed in accordance with the requirements in Table G3. Exceptions: The following building elements are permitted to differ from architectural drawings:. If not separately described, the area of a building envelope assembly shall be added to the area of an assembly of that same type with the same orientation and thermal properties.

Exceptions: When whole-building air leakage testing, in accordance with ASTM E, is specified during design and completed after construction , the proposed design air leakage rate of the building envelope shall be as measured. Exterior lighting in areas identified as "Tradable Surfaces" in Table G3. Other exterior lighting shall be modeled the same in the baseline building design as in the proposed design. Exceptions: Different HVAC zones may be combined to create a single thermal block or identical thermal blocks to which multipliers are applied, provided that all of the following conditions are met:.

Exception: If the proposed building humidification system complies with Section 6. Exception: For fossil fuel systems where natural gas is not available for the proposed building site as determined by the rating authority , the baseline HVAC systems shall be modeled using propane as their fuel.

Exceptions: If a condenser heat recovery system meeting the requirements described in Section 6. Exceptions: Where natural gas is not available for the proposed building site, as determined by the rating authority , gas storage water heaters shall be modeled using propane as their fuel.

Exceptions: When quantifying performance that exceeds the requirements of Standard The burden of this documentation is to demonstrate that accepted conventional practice would result in baseline building equipment different from that installed in the proposed design.

Occupancy and occupancy schedules shall not be changed. Exception to Section A3. Use the efficiency for the next motor size greater than the calculated bhp. Equipment class designations consist of a combination in sequential order separated by periods [AAA].

For example, "VOP. M" refers to the "vertical open, remote condensing, medium temperature" equipment class. In cases where both a general building area type and a specific building area type are listed, the specific building area type shall apply.

Residential building types include dormitory, hotel, motel, and multifamily. Residential space types include guest rooms, living quarters, private living space , and sleeping quarters. Other building and space types are considered nonresidential. Where attributes make a building eligible for more than one baseline system type, use the predominant condition to determine the system type for the entire building except as noted in Section G3.

For laboratory spaces in a building having a total laboratory exhaust rate greater than 15, cfm, use a single system of type 5 or 7 serving only those spaces. For hospitals, depending on building type, use System 5 or 7 in all climate zones.

Public assembly building types include houses of worship, auditoriums, movie theaters, performance theaters, concert halls, arenas, enclosed stadiums, ice rinks, gymnasiums, convention centers, exhibition centers, and natatoriums. For purchased chilled water and purchased heat, see G3. For Climate Zones 0 through 3A, the heating type shall be electric resistance. For all other climate zones the heating type shall be hot-water fossil - fuel boiler.

HVAC systems in the baseline building design shall comply with the following:. For systems using purchased hot water or steam, the heating source shall be modeled as purchased hot water or steam in both the proposed design and baseline building design. Hot-water or steam costs shall be based on actual utility rates, and on-site boilers , electric heat, and furnaces shall not be modeled in the baseline building design.

If the proposed design uses purchased heat, but does not use purchased chilled water, then Tables G3. The same heating source shall be used in the proposed design and baseline building design. If the proposed design uses purchased chilled water but does not use purchased heat, then Tables G3. If the proposed design uses purchased chilled water and purchased heat, then Tables G3.

All on-site distribution pumps shall be modeled in both the proposed design and base building design. The air leakage rate of the building envelope I 75Pa at a pressure differential of 0.

For methods describing air leakage as a function of floor area,. For methods describing air leakage as a function of the area of above-grade walls that separate conditioned spaces and semiheated spaces from the exterior,. When using the measured air leakage rate of the building envelope at a pressure differential of 0. A multizone airflow model alternative method to modeling building envelope air leakage may be used, provided the following criteria are met:.

HVAC systems in the baseline building design shall conform with the general provisions in this section. All HVAC equipment in the baseline building design shall be modeled at the minimum efficiency levels, both part load and full load, in accordance with Tables G3. Chillers shall use Path A efficiencies as shown in Table 6. Where efficiency ratings include supply fan energy , the efficiency rating shall be adjusted to remove the supply fan energy.

Where a full- and part-load efficiency rating is provided in Tables 6. Fan energy shall be modeled separately according to Section G3. The equipment capacities i. Weather conditions used in sizing runs to determine baseline equipment capacities shall be based either on hourly historical weather files containing typical peak conditions or on design days developed using Unmet load hours for the proposed design or baseline building design shall not exceed of the hours simulated.

Alternatively, unmet load hours exceeding these limits shall be permitted to be accepted upon approval of the rating authority , provided that sufficient justification is given indicating that the accuracy of the simulation is not significantly compromised by these unmet loads. Supply and return fans shall operate continuously whenever spaces are occupied and shall be cycled to meet heating and cooling loads during unoccupied hours.

For Systems 6 and 8, only the terminal - unit fan and reheat coil shall be energized to meet heating set point during unoccupied hours. Minimum ventilation system outdoor air intake flow shall be the same for the proposed design and baseline building design.

Note: NR means that there is no conditioned building floor area for which economizers are included for the type of zone and climate. Economizers shall not be included for systems meeting one or more of the exceptions listed below. Systems that serve computer rooms that are HVA C System 11 shall include an integrated fluid economizer meeting the requirements of Section 6. The high-limit shutoff shall be a dry-bulb fixed switch with set-point temperatures in accordance with the values in Table G3.

For systems with multiple zone thermostat set points , use the design set point that will result in the lowest supply air cooling set point or highest supply air heating set point. If the proposed design includes a fan or fans sized and controlled to provide non- mechanical cooling , the baseline building design shall include a separate fan to provide non- mechanical cooling , sized and controlled the same as the proposed design. System fan electrical power for supply, return, exhaust, and relief excluding power to fan-powered VAV boxes shall be calculated using the following formulas:.

For Systems 1 and 2,. For Systems 3 through 8, and 11, 12, and 13,. For Systems 9 and 10 supply fan ,. For Systems 9 and 10 non- mechanical cooling fan if required by Section G3. The calculated system fan power shall be distributed to supply, return, exhaust, and relief fans in the same proportion as the proposed design. Provision shall be made to bypass or control the heat recovery system to permit air economizer operation, where applicable.

If any of these exceptions apply, exhaust air energy recovery shall not be included in the baseline building design :. Baseline HVAC systems shall conform with provisions in this section, where applicable, to the specified baseline system types, as indicated in section headings.

Electric air-source heat pumps shall be modeled with electric auxiliary heat and an outdoor air thermostat. The air-source heat pump shall be modeled to continue to operate while auxiliary heat is energized. The boiler plant shall use the same fuel as the proposed design and shall be natural draft, except as noted in Section G3. The baseline building design boiler plant shall be modeled as having a single boiler if the baseline building design plant serves a conditioned floor area of 15, ft 2 or less, and as having two equally sized boilers for plants serving more than 15, ft 2.

Boilers shall be staged as required by the load. Systems served by purchased heat. Hot-water systems serving , ft 2 or more shall be modeled with variable-speed drives, and systems serving less than , ft 2 shall be modeled as riding the pump curve.

Piping losses shall not be modeled in either the proposed design or baseline building design for hot-water, chilled-water, or steam piping. Electric chillers shall be used in the baseline building design regardless of the cooling energy source, e. The baseline building design 's chiller plant shall be modeled with chillers having the number and type as indicated in Table G3. Systems using purchased chilled water shall be modeled in accordance with Section G3.

For systems with less than tons cooling capacity, the secondary pump shall be modeled as riding the pump curve. The heat-rejection device shall be an axial-fan open-circuit cooling tower with variable-speed fan control and shall have an efficiency of Condenser-water design supply temperature shall be calculated using the cooling tower approach to the 0.

The tower shall be controlled to maintain a leaving water temperature, where weather permits, per Table G3. Each chiller shall be modeled with separate condenser-water and chilled-water pumps interlocked to operate with the associated chiller. Fans in parallel VAV fan-powered boxes shall run as the first stage of heating before the reheat coil is energized.

The supply air temperature set point shall be constant at the design condition. VAV system supply fans shall have variable-speed drives, and their part-load performance characteristics shall be modeled using either Method 1 or Method 2 specified in Table G3.

Computer room equipment schedules shall be modeled as a constant fraction of the peak design load per the following monthly schedule:. In heating mode supply air temperature shall be modulated to maintain space temperature, and fan volume shall be fixed at the minimum airflow.

If the proposed design HVAC systems have humidistatic controls , then the baseline building design shall use mechanical cooling for dehumidification and shall have reheat available to avoid overcooling. When the baseline building design HVAC system does not comply with any of the exceptions in Section 6.

The reheat type shall be the same as the system heating type. Sign Up. Please enter a search query. All feedback is helpful! Submit this form or email us at feedback up. Upgrade to Premium. Code calculators: Code Calculators automatically generates a detailed list of requirements.

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Working on a project with other people? You can edit, iterate, and research collaboratively. Upgrade your account to invite teammates. Heads up : There are no amended sections in this chapter. P Add Comment. G1 General. This performance rating method requires conformance with the following provisions: All requirements of Sections 5.

These sections contain the mandatory provisions of the standard and are prerequisites for this rating method.

The interior lighting power shall not exceed the interior lighting power allowance determined using either Tables G3. In cases where both a common space type and a building area specific space type are listed, the building area specific space type shall apply b.

The information shall be submitted in a report and shall include the following: A brief description of the project, the key energy efficiency improvements compared with the requirements in Sections 5 through 10 , the simulation program used, the version of the simulation program , and the results of the energy analysis. This summary shall contain the calculated values for the baseline building performance , the proposed building performance , and the percentage improvement.

An overview of the project that includes the number of stories above and below grade , the typical floor size, the uses in the building e. A list of the energy -related features that are included in the design and on which the performance rating is based. This list shall document all energy features that differ between the models used in the baseline building performance and proposed building performance calculations.

A list showing compliance for the proposed design with all the requirements of Sections 5. A list identifying those aspects of the proposed design that are less stringent than the requirements of 5. A table with a summary by end use of the energy cost savings in the proposed building performance. A site plan showing all adjacent buildings and topography that may shade the proposed building with estimated height or number of stories.

Building elevations and floor plans schematic is acceptable. A diagram showing the thermal blocks used in the computer simulation. An explanation of any significant modeling assumptions. Backup calculations and material to support data inputs e. Design Model," paragraph [a]. Input and output reports from the simulation program or compliance software, including a breakdown of energy use by at least the following components: lights, internal equipment loads, service water- heating equipment , space - heating equipment , space - cooling and heat rejection equipment , fans, and other HVAC equipment such as pumps.

The output reports shall also show the amount of unmet load hours for both the proposed design and baseline building design. Purchased energy rates used in the simulations. An explanation of any error messages noted in the simulation program output. For any exceptional calculation methods employed, document the predicted energy savings by energy type, the energy cost savings, a narrative explaining the exceptional calculation method performed, and theoretical or empirical information supporting the accuracy of the method.

The reduction in proposed building performance associated with on-site renewable energy. G2 Simulation General Requirements. The proposed building performance and baseline building performance shall be calculated using the following: The same simulation program. The same weather data. The same energy rates. The simulation program shall be approved by the rating authority and shall, at a minimum, have the ability to explicitly model all of the following: hours per year.

Hourly variations in occupancy, lighting power, miscellaneous equipment power, thermostat set points , and IIVA C system operation, defined separately for each day of the week and holidays. Thermal mass effects. Ten or more thermal zones. Part-load performance curves for mechanical equipment. Capacity and efficiency correction curves for mechanical heating and mechanical cooling equipment. Air economizers with integrated control.

Baseline building design characteristics specified in Section G3. All applications for approval of an exceptional method shall include the following: Step-by-step documentation of the exceptional calculation method performed, detailed enough to reproduce the results.

Copies of all spreadsheets used to perform the calculations. A sensitivity analysis of energy consumption when each of the input parameters is varied from half to double the value assumed. The calculations shall be performed on a time-step basis consistent with the simulation program used. The performance rating calculated with and without the exceptional calculation method. Design Model The simulation model of the proposed design shall be consistent with the design documents, including proper accounting of fenestration and opaque building envelope types and areas; interior lighting power and controls ; HVAC system types, sizes, and controls ; and service water- heating systems and controls.

All end-use load components within and associated with the building shall be modeled, including but not limited to exhaust fans, parking garage ventilation fans, snow-melt and freeze-protection equipment , facade lighting, swimming pool heaters and pumps, elevators and escalators, refrigeration, and cooking.

Where the simulation program does not specifically model the functionality of the installed system , spreadsheets or other documentation of the assumptions shall be used to generate the power demand and operating schedule of the systems. All conditioned spaces in the proposed design shall be simulated as being both heated and cooled even if no heating or cooling system is to be installed.

When the performance rating method is applied to buildings in which energy -related features have not yet been designed e. Where the space classification for a space is not known, the space shall be categorized as an office space. The baseline building design shall be modeled with the same number of floors and identical conditioned floor area as the proposed design.

The baseline building design shall be developed by modifying the proposed design as described in Section G3. Except as specifically instructed, all building systems and equipment shall be modeled identically in the proposed design and baseline building design.

Additions and Alterations It is acceptable to predict performance using building models that exclude parts of the existing building , provided that all of the following conditions are met: Work to be performed in excluded parts of the building shall meet the requirements of Sections 5 through Excluded parts of the building are served by HVAC systems that are entirely separate from those serving parts of the building that are included in the building model.

Design space temperature and HVAC system operating set points and schedules on either side of the boundary between included and excluded parts of the building are essentially the same. If a declining block or similar utility rate is being used in the analysis, and the excluded and included parts of the building are on the same utility meter, the rate shall reflect the utility block or rate for the building plus the addition.

If the proposed design excludes parts of the existing building , the baseline building design shall exclude them as well.

When modeled, unmodified existing building components shall follow the same rules as new and modified building components. Space Use Classification Use shall be specified using the building type or space type lightinq classifications in accordance with Section 9.

The user shall specify the space use classifications using either the building type or space type categories but shall not combine the two types of categories. More than one building type category may be used in a building if it is a mixed-use facility.

If space type categories are used, the user may simplify the placement of the various space types within the building model, provided that building total areas for each space type are accurate. Same as proposed design. Schedule Schedules capable of modeling hourly variations in occupancy, lighting power, miscellaneous equipment power, thermostat set points , and HVAC system operation shall be used. The schedules shall be typical of the proposed building type as determined by the designer and approved by the rating authority.

Temperature and Humidity Schedules. Temperature and humidity control set points and schedules as well as temperature control throttling range shall be the same for proposed design and baseline building design. Schedules for HVAC fans that provide outdoor air for ventilation shall run continuously whenever spaces are occupied and shall be cycled on and off to meet heating and cooling loads during unoccupied hours.

HVAC fans shall remain on during occupied and unoccupied hours in spaces that have health- and safety- mandated minimum ventilation requirements during unoccupied hours. HVAC fans shall remain on during occupied and unoccupied hours in systems primarily serving computer rooms.

Exceptions: Set points and schedules for HVAC systems that automatically provide occupant thermal comfort via means other than directly controlling the air dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperature may be allowed to differ, provided that equivalent levels of occupant thermal comfort are demonstrated via the methodology in ASHRAE Standard 55, Section 5.

Measures that may warrant use of different schedules include but are not limited to automatic lighting controls , automatic natural ventilation controls , automatic demand control ventilation controls , and automatic controls that reduce service water- heating loads. In no case shall schedules differ where the controls are manual e. Building Envelope All components of the building envelope in the proposed design shall be modeled as shown on architectural drawings or as built for existing building envelopes.

Exceptions: The following building elements are permitted to differ from architectural drawings: All uninsulated assemblies e. Separate calculation of the U-factor for each of these assemblies.

The U-factors of these assemblies are then averaged with larger adjacent surfaces using an area-weighted average method. This average U-factor is modeled within the energy simulation model. Exterior surfaces whose azimuth orientation and tilt differ by less than 45 degrees and are otherwise the same may be described as either a single surface or by using multipliers.

The exterior roof surface shall be modeled using the aged solar reflectance and thermal emittance determined in accordance with Section 5. Where aged test data are unavailable, the roof surface may be modeled with a reflectance of 0. Manual fenestration shading devices, such as blinds or shades, shall be modeled or not modeled the same as in the baseline building design. Automatically controlled fenestration shades or blinds shall be modeled. Permanent shading devices, such as fins, overhangs, and light shelves shall be modeled.

Automatically controlled dynamic glazing may be modeled. Infiltration shall be modeled using the same methodology, air leakage rate, and adjustments for weather and building operation in both the proposed design and the baseline building design.

These adjustments shall be made for each simulation time step and must account for but not be limited to weather conditions and HVAC system operation, including strategies that are intended to positively pressurize the building. The air leakage rate of the building envelope I 75Pa at a fixed building pressure differential of 0.

The air leakage rate of the building envelope shall be converted to appropriate units for the simulation program using one of the methods in Section G3. Equivalent dimensions shall be assumed for each building envelope component type as in the proposed design ; i.

The same shall be true for the areas of roofs , floors , and doors , and the exposed perimeters of concrete slabs on grade shall also be the same in the proposed design and baseline building design. The following additional requirements shall apply to the modeling of the baseline building design : Orientation. The baseline building performance shall be generated by simulating the building with its actual orientation and again after rotating the entire building 90,, and degrees, then averaging the results.

The building shall be modeled so that it does not shade itself. Exceptions: If it can be demonstrated to the satisfaction of the rating authority that the building orientation is dictated by site considerations. Opaque Assemblies. Opaque assemblies used for new buildings, existing buildings , or additions shall conform with assemblies detailed in Appendix A and shall match the appropriate assembly maximum U-factors in Tables G3.

Above-grade walls — Steel-framed A3. This spreadsheet-based compliance form meets the documentation requirements of Standards It standardizes compliance documentations and simplifies submittal reviews by code officials and administrators of above code program implementers.

For questions about use or customization of the form please contact the Building Energy Codes Help Desk. The forms can be downloaded here. This report was completed as part of a research project to facilitate performance-based compliance with commercial energy codes.

It provides short, medium and long-term recommendations for streamlining enforcement and ensuring consistency in compliance outcomes. It incorporates input from over 70 stakeholders representing jurisdictions, rating authorities, developers of relevant standards and organizations.

The PRM can be used to demonstrate compliance with the standard and to rate the energy efficiency of commercial and high-rise residential buildings with designs that exceed the requirements of Standard The procedures and processes described in this manual are designed to provide consistency and accuracy by filling in gaps and providing additional details needed by users of the PRM.

Unlike a component based prescriptive approach, a system efficiency approach accounts for the interactions between the different components of a system.